Odei 1ghana field epidemiology and laboratory training programme, school of public health, university of. Cholera is a disease spread by drinking water or eating food contaminated with cholera bacteria. Cholera outbreaks in nigeria are associated with multidrug. Distribution of cholera cases in ghana by region, 2014. It is an indicator of socioeconomic problems and is a global threat to public health. The brong ahafo reginal health directorate were alerted of an outbreak of cholera in the greater accra region of ghana, however, on 30th of july 2014, a case of cholera was reported at the st theresas hospital in nkoranza south district of the brong ahafo region bar, eventually an outbreak of cholera occurred with more than cases reported. March 5 estimating the economic impacts of sanitation ghana march 2012. This study assessed the response activities undertaken in two districts, akatsi district in volta region and komendaedinaeguafoabirem keea municipal in central region during the 2012 cholera epidemic in ghana. Cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others, the ghana health service said friday. The three most affected countries were nigeria, ghana and drc which counted for 93% of cases and 80% of deaths in the region.
The agency said that the outbreak was centered in impoverished. Jun 15, 2018 the dramatic consequences of cyclical cholera outbreaks in recent years in ghana are worrying. As of 18 aug, 6,018 cases including 47 deaths case fatality rate of 0. When it comes to the romance novels, the one we are talking about s without any doubt very best of these novels. Severe cholera is characterized by large amounts of watery diarrhea, often described as ricewater stool because it can have a pale, milky appearance. Increase of cholera cases in the horn of africa and the gulf. Cholera is a severe intestinal disease caused by the bacteria, vibrio cholerae vibreeo collarah. Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two. Cholera has erupted in the southern cape coast district, with a sudden escalation of cases within days, rising from 36 on 26 october 2016 to 117 by 30 october, notably with no fatality. Cholera is transmitted by drinking water or eating food, which is. Download love in time of cholera pdf free shared files from downloadjoy and other worlds most popular shared hosts. Cholera wash cost estimates are based on a combination of preparedness and response budgets.
Cholera outbreak in ghana kills at least 67 since june health24. Cholera is a form of acute, watery diarrhoea that is caused by a bacterial infection. Seven cholera pandemics, all originating in asia, occurred. Economic burden of cholera in the who african region bmc. A descriptive study of cholera cases for 2014 was conducted in all the administrative districts of brong ahafo, one of the ten administrative regions of ghana fig. Oct 11, 2017 ghana recorded its worst outbreak of cholera in 2014 with eight out of its 10 regions being affected. Cholera epidemiology and response factsheet ghana cholera epidemiology and response factsheet ghana cholera overview cholera was first reported in ghana in 1970. Cholera in ghana is an urban problem with high impact on the urban poor. In ghana, the first case of cholera occurred on september 1, 1970 following the seventh pandemic that started in indonesia in 1961 15. Ashitey provides an account on the first cholera epidemic of 1970 in ghana. An outbreak of cholera has claimed more than 550 lives with more than 42,000 cases being reported since january in eastern and southern. A number of individuals and organizations contributed to the risk mapping and capacities assessment with their knowledge, publications and financial support. Ghana loses ghc420 million annually due to poor sanitation.
Background despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in. From 1998 to 2017, greater accra alone recorded 58. Background despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on. During the same period, 1834 cholera deaths were reported, for a regional cfr of 1. Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium vibrio cholerae. In 2015, a cumulative total of 434 cases with 4 deaths, a case. We would like to thank the incident commander and members of the emergency operation centre eoc and the ihr national focal point for leadership and initiation of this activity. Cholera alerts to general public news ghana health service. Dynamics of cholera epidemics from benin to mauritania. In january 2015 the greater accra region and volta region still reported cases of cholera while in the rest of ghana the outbreak was declared over. To date, no study has been undertaken in the region to estimate the economic burden of cholera for use in advocacy for its prevention and control.
The ghana public health association gpha is urging the ghana health service ghs to immediately roll out preparedness and response plans countrywide, in anticipation of a possible cholera outbreak. Highlights the cholera outbreak that started in june 2014 has protracted and spilled over to 2015. Cholera prevention and control centers for disease control. Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014. Costs included are limited to coordination, community wash response and wash in cholera treatment centers. Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea. Cholera, unlike other diarrheal diseases, is fatal even among healthy young adults, and poses a greater risk of death among immunocompromised individuals and malnourished children. Cholera, largely eliminated from industrialized countries by water and sewage treatment over a century ago, still remains a significant cause of illness and death in many african countries.
Calculations use an attack rate of and disease durationof3months. Anthony nsiahasare, said with the onset of the rainy season and other prevailing conditions in certain locations in the country, the risk for cholera outbreaks is very high. Author summary cholera is acute watery diarrhoea, severely dehydrating, caused by vibrio cholerae, a bacterium ubiquitous in aquatic environments. The ongoing pandemic, the 7th, has been caused by v. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana global. The region is broadly affected by many cholera cases and outbreaks that.
The cholera outbreak started in june 2014 and continued to 2015. Shellfish found in united states coastal waters can be contaminated with v. The first case of cholera in ghana was in a togolese national in transit at the kotoka international airport from guinea. Since 1990, large outbreaks were reported in 1991, 1996, 1999 and from 2009 to 2011 fig. Cholera headache in ghana, with open sewers revisited. Linking to a nonfederal website does not constitute an endorsement by cdc or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Rapid risk assessment cholera cases in the horn of africa and gulf of aden 19 may 2017 2 disease background information cholera is an acute enteric infection caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae. In the twentyfirst century, subsaharan africa bears the brunt of global cholera. Suspected cases of ebola virus disease evd since april 2014 are 1. Cholera is an important public health problem, causing substantial morbidity and mortality especially in the developing countries. In june 2014, a cholera outbreak was reported in ghana. These cholera outbreaks are as a result of poor sanitation and unsafe drinking water.
In 2012, at the time of writing, 25 african nations have reported 94 553 cholera cases, including 85 293 cases from large epidemics in the democratic republic of congo, sierra leone, ghana, guinea, uganda, and niger. Dref final report emergency plan of action epoa ghana. It takes between 12 hours and 5 days for a person to show symptoms after ingesting contaminated food or water 2. Rapid risk assessment cholera cases in the horn of africa and gulf of aden 19 may 2017 3 between 19 september 2015 and 24 july 2016, 4 330 cases, including 68 deaths cfr. Cholera is an acute, diarrhoeal illness caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae the infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe washing hands with soap and water is the basis of health cholera.
Nov 01, 20 in 2012, at the time of writing, 25 african nations have reported 94 553 cholera cases, including 85 293 cases from large epidemics in the democratic republic of congo, sierra leone, ghana, guinea, uganda, and niger. The region with a territorial size of 39,557 km 2 is the second largest in ghana and located in the central part of the country with an estimated population of 2. Cholera epidemiology, prevention and control intechopen. Fact file on cholera, a global endemic disease that kills up to 120,000 people a year. Ghana recorded its worst outbreak of cholera in 2014 with eight out of its 10. The greater accra region gar was the most affected, recording almost 98% of all cholera cases 14. The economic costs to the health facility and affected households. The agency in a statement dated 08052018, signed by the directorgeneral, dr.
The dramatic consequences of cyclical cholera outbreaks in recent years in ghana are worrying. Nov, 2016 201611 the central regional capital, cape coast is a fishing port and one of the most historical cities in ghana, founded by the people of oguaa and is situated on its south to the gulf of. Cyclical cholera outbreaks in ghana infectious diseases of poverty. Since 1990 and up to 2010, the overall yearly trend showed a decrease over time in size. Despite the recurring cholera outbreaks in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of outbreak response activities undertaken in affected areas. In 2007, various countries around the world notified 178677 cases of cholera and 4033 cholera deaths to the world health organization who.
Finally, the way forward will be discussed and some conclusions drawn. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the cdc website the centers for disease control and prevention cdc cannot attest to the accuracy of a nonfederal website. As the rains have started to set in at certain locations of the country and will be getting to the peak season very soon, with the other existing prevailing risk factors, the risk for cholera outbreak is very high. Please see additional file 1 for translations of the ab. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been. The case fatality ratio is high in the sahelian area, equal or greater than 2%, especially in nigeria, chad, cameroon and niger. Our filtering technology ensures that only latest love in time of cholera pdf files are listed. Aug 15, 2014 a cholera outbreak in ghana s capital has reached staggering levels, an official said friday, blaming poor sanitation and overcrowded health facilities for the rapid spread of the disease. Declared in june 2014, the west and central african cholera outbreak as of january 25, 2015 claimed 1,683 registered deaths and over 91,361 reported cases with a reported case fatality rate cfr of 2% in 11 countries, which is 3 times more than in 20. Fact file on cholera, global endemic disease lifestyle. Nov 01, 2016 cholera has erupted in the southern cape coast district, with a sudden escalation of cases within days, rising from 36 on 26 october 2016 to 117 by 30 october, notably with no fatality. Ghana is now tackling its sanitation challenges with renewed vigor, and intensifying efforts to scale up sanitation improvements nationwide with the help of the usaidfunded wash for health initiative. Infected togolese national on transit to conakry, guinea collapsed at the kotoka international airport in accra, ghana and was found to have cholera 16.
We made use of the who cholera evaluation tool obtained from the who document, cholera outbreak. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater accra. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater. Cholera epidemiology and response factsheet nigeria cholera epidemiology and response factsheet nigeria cholera overview cholera was first reported in nigeria in 1970. Ghana a nation of natural resources yet the country need to begin the fight to stop this filthy presence on the streets of the cities. Cholera affects both children and adults and can kill within hours if untreated. All people visitors or residents in areas where cholera is occurring or has occurred should be aware of the basic cholera facts and follow these five basic cholera prevention steps to protect themselves and their family 1, 2. Ghana recorded its worst outbreak of cholera in 2014 with eight out of its 10 regions being affected. The ghana health service has issued an alert on potential cholera outbreak in the country. We embarked on a retrospective assessment of the 2012 cholera outbreak response in the two study districts. In 2015, a cumulative total of 636 cases with 6 deaths, a case fatality rate cfr. In its most severe form, cholera is one of the swiftest lethal infectious diseases.
Also see nana mireku gyimah, paschal awinguraapanga and john koku awoonorwilliams, cyclical cholera outbreaks in ghana. Pdf background a nationwide outbreak of vibrio cholerae occurred in ghana in 2014 with accra, the nations capital as the. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. September 2014 volume 48, number 3 ghana medical journal. Cholera is a global threat, particularly, in areas where sanitary conditions, such as drinking water and sewage, are not available. In 2014, 91,361 cholera cases and 1,583 deaths registered in the west and central africa region cfr2% in 11 countries, which was three times more than in 20. The oil from the jubilee field should pay for a proper. The bacteria is typically found in water environments such as freshwater lakes and rivers. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in. These efforts led to a dramatic drop in cholera incidence from 735 cases in 2016, to just 9 cases since january 2017. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana volunteers comb the marketplaces of cape coast, ghana educating stall owners on how to prevent the spread of cholera.
Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak in ghana as of 15 march 2015 week 11 i. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana. Nov 02, 2016 despite the recurring cholera outbreaks in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of outbreak response activities undertaken in affected areas. However, evidence of the economic costs of the disease on the health system and affected households has not been fully documented. In 2012, an outbreak of cholera affected 53 districts in nine regions in ghana with 9548 cases and 100 deaths and the case fatality rate cfr was 1. However, there have been large outbreaks in 2011 and 2012. Increase of cholera cases in the horn of africa and the. Ghana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in the last three decades in 2014. Aug 23, 2014 cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others, the ghana health service said friday. The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe. Pdf large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana.
Cholera alert to general public ghana health service. The risk for cholera is very low for people visiting areas with epidemic cholera. Cholera is a contagious diarrheal disease caused by toxins produced by certain vibrio cholerae bacteria. This disease doesnt vibrio come on immediately, cholerae so it is hard to diagnose. Worldwide, approximately 35 million cholera cases and 100,000120,000 deaths due to cholera occur annually. By the end of january 2015 when the outbreak was finally contained, over 28, 000 cases with 243 deaths had been recorded in all 10 regions of ghana. Aug 25, 2014 cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others in an outbreak that highlights the health and sanitation challenges facing one of africas fastest. Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two districts in ghana sallyann ohene1, wisdom klenyuie2 and mark sarpeh3 abstract background. Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak. These bacteria are mainly found in humans although the bacteria may be found in brackish water and estuaries. Cholera is one of the diseases of national concern because of the potential it has to cause outbreaks and major epidemics. Nigeria, ghana and democratic republic of the congo being the most affected countries with ghana reporting its worst outbreak since 1982. Origin of chieftaincy in ghana in the main, chieftaincy in ghana originated from three sources abotchie in.
However, upper west, northern, upper east and volta region are the least affected region s in ghana. These epidemics are now predictable but sanitary reforms have been inactive, ineffective and local authorities have failed in applying necessary byelaws on food hygiene, sanitation, environmental health and waste disposal. Though investigations were done intensively to identify the risk factors 10 as is done for almost every cholera outbreak in ghana, no systematic effort have been put in. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of outbreak response activities undertaken in affected areas. Cholera is usually transmitted to people or animals through contaminated water sources.
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